In a groundbreaking study, researchers Marcella Alsan and Crystal Yang explored the impact of accreditation on healthcare delivery within U.S. correctional facilities. Their findings revealed that jails achieving accreditation experienced significant improvements in healthcare standards, a dramatic reduction in mortality rates, and substantial cost savings. The research highlights the critical need for better healthcare practices in correctional settings, where incarcerated individuals often face inadequate medical care despite their constitutional right to receive it. This study underscores the potential benefits of accreditation, including enhanced collaboration between staff, improved patient outcomes, and long-term financial advantages.

The 1976 Supreme Court ruling established that incarcerated individuals have a constitutional right to healthcare, but the quality of this care only needs to be "reasonably adequate." Unfortunately, this standard has often fallen short, as highlighted by Alsan and Yang's research. Their study focused on county jails, which typically operate under local law enforcement and house individuals awaiting trial. These facilities are known for higher-than-average rates of infectious diseases and mental health issues among inmates. To assess the effects of accreditation, the researchers conducted a randomized trial involving 44 jails over four years. Half of these jails received subsidies to pursue accreditation, while the other half served as a control group. The results were striking: accredited jails saw marked improvements in healthcare delivery, a 90% reduction in deaths, and millions in cost savings.

One of the most significant findings was the improvement in collaboration between custody and medical staff. Accreditation helped bridge the gap between these two groups, leading to better coordination and more effective care. Additionally, there were notable advancements in personnel training and patient treatment protocols. Early screenings became more timely, ensuring that newly admitted individuals received prompt medical attention. This immediate intervention is crucial, especially in environments akin to emergency rooms, where quick assessments can significantly impact patient outcomes.

Perhaps the most compelling outcome was the near-total reduction in mortality rates among accredited facilities. The study estimated that nearly 20 lives were saved during the trial period. Beyond saving lives, accreditation also showed promise in reducing recidivism rates, potentially enhancing community safety. From a financial perspective, the net benefit of accreditation could reach up to $60 million per jail annually, considering the value of saved lives and reduced recidivism.

Alsan and Yang’s research underscores the importance of supporting sheriffs and local officials in obtaining accreditation. The process provides a structured framework for delivering high-quality healthcare, addressing staffing challenges, and improving overall facility operations. Policymakers and law enforcement should recognize the cost-effectiveness and life-saving potential of accreditation. By providing subsidies and incentives, the federal government can facilitate this transformative change in correctional healthcare. Ultimately, this initiative not only saves lives but also offers an opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society, benefiting both incarcerated individuals and their communities.