The resurgence of Highly Pathological Avian Influenza (HPAI) has become a pressing issue across the United States. Since February 2022, over 166 million birds have been affected by this disease, spanning all 50 states and Puerto Rico. Although cases slowed significantly in 2024, they have seen an uptick since November. The latest reports from the USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) indicate that within the past month, 110 new cases have emerged across 27 states.

Efforts to combat the spread of HPAI are multifaceted. Authorities recommend stringent biosecurity measures for poultry producers, ranging from backyard enthusiasts to large-scale commercial operations. APHIS is collaborating closely with state health officials to manage outbreaks. Infected premises are quarantined, and affected birds are depopulated to prevent further transmission. Additionally, farmers are advised to preserve any suspected avian influenza casualties for testing. Symptoms such as lethargy, decreased egg production, respiratory issues, and unusual swelling can help identify infected birds. Educational resources are available to assist in recognizing these signs.

Beyond its impact on poultry, HPAI poses potential risks to human health. While the CDC maintains that the general public remains at low risk, concerns persist regarding the virus's ability to mutate and spread rapidly among humans. The first reported human death due to HPAI occurred in Louisiana in early January 2025, underscoring the importance of continuous surveillance and preventive measures. Vigilance is crucial, especially for those who interact with infected animals or environments. This situation highlights the need for ongoing research and collaboration between health authorities and the agricultural sector to safeguard both animal and human populations.