A recent study reveals a significant link between breastfeeding for at least six months and the development of beneficial gut bacteria that can promote better heart health in children. This research, supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), examined how infant gut microbiota diversity impacts childhood blood pressure. The findings suggest that infants with more varied gut bacteria, especially those who are breastfed for an extended period, tend to have lower blood pressure as they grow older. This discovery could offer valuable insights into early interventions for cardiovascular health.

The research team analyzed data from 526 Danish children participating in a longitudinal study. They collected fecal samples during the first week, month, and year of life to examine the composition of gut bacteria. Blood pressure measurements were taken when the children reached three and six years of age. The results indicated that greater bacterial diversity in the gut during the first month of life was associated with reduced blood pressure six years later. Notably, this effect was more pronounced among children who were breastfed for at least six months.

Scientists believe that specific types of bacteria play a crucial role in breaking down complex carbohydrates found in breast milk. These bacteria convert these carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids, which may help regulate blood pressure and support overall cardiovascular health. For instance, certain species of Bifidobacterium excel at this process. In contrast, infants who are not breastfed might develop a less diverse gut microbiome, potentially leading to conditions like "leaky gut," where harmful substances can enter the bloodstream, causing inflammation and raising blood pressure.

Furthermore, the presence of some bacteria, such as H. pylori, was linked to higher blood pressure in later years. This bacterium, which can be transmitted from mother to child, contributes to persistent low-grade inflammation and may affect gut permeability. To ensure accurate comparisons, researchers controlled for various factors, including maternal medical history, prenatal diet, pregnancy complications, mode of delivery, and breastfeeding duration.

Given that high blood pressure affects 4% to 7% of children globally and has doubled since 2020, understanding these early-life influences is critical. The study underscores the importance of promoting breastfeeding and nurturing a healthy gut microbiome to enhance long-term cardiovascular health. By fostering these practices, healthcare providers and parents can take proactive steps toward reducing the risk of hypertension in children.