In a significant scientific breakthrough, researchers from Andrés Aguilera's laboratory, in collaboration with Ralf Wellinger's team at the University of Seville and PharmaMAR, have identified two natural compounds—patulin and xestoquinol—that inhibit topoisomerase 1. This enzyme plays a crucial role in DNA function by relieving stress during replication and transcription. The discovery, featured in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, offers fresh insights into genetic material damage-related diseases and potential advancements in cancer treatment.

A Closer Look at the Research Findings

In the vibrant academic setting of CABIMER at the University of Seville, scientists embarked on an innovative journey to explore compounds that could revolutionize cancer research. Patulin and xestoquinol were found to block the initial catalytic activity of topoisomerase 1 both in laboratory settings and within yeast and human cells. This enzyme is vital for cellular proliferation across all living organisms. By cutting and rejoining DNA strands, it alleviates stress caused during essential biological processes like replication and transcription. However, when inhibited, these cuts remain open, acting as poisons to topoisomerases—a mechanism often exploited in anticancer drugs. Remarkably, until now, no reliable inhibitors existed for the first step of this process. Emanuela Tumini, leading author of the study, unveiled a novel category of inhibitors through extensive research funded primarily by the State Research Agency RETOS project.

This revelation not only enhances our understanding of fundamental biological processes but also paves the way for groundbreaking medical applications. As we delve deeper into the complexities of DNA interactions, such discoveries underscore the importance of interdisciplinary research in addressing some of humanity's most pressing health challenges.