A groundbreaking study from Karolinska Institutet reveals that pregnant women with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) face a heightened likelihood of premature delivery. This risk remains significant even when obesity is factored out, indicating the liver condition itself plays a critical role. Researchers utilized Swedish registry data, analyzing 240 births among MASLD-affected mothers and comparing them with 1,140 births from the general population. The findings suggest that MASLD could independently contribute to complications during pregnancy, emphasizing the need for closer monitoring and tailored clinical guidelines.

According to the research, MASLD affects approximately one-fifth of the Swedish population and up to three-tenths globally. It is closely linked to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Despite its growing prevalence, including among reproductive-age women, this study marks a significant step in understanding its implications on maternal and neonatal health. Notably, women diagnosed with MASLD were found to be more than three times as likely to experience preterm birth compared to their counterparts without the condition.

The investigation further uncovered an elevated risk of cesarean section deliveries among MASLD patients, though this was largely attributable to high body mass index (BMI). Interestingly, no increased risks were observed regarding congenital malformations or neonatal mortality in children born to these mothers. These insights underscore the importance of refining medical protocols for pregnant women with MASLD to mitigate potential complications.

Lead author Carole A. Marxer emphasized the necessity of vigilant prenatal care for affected mothers, suggesting the integration of specialized recommendations into existing MASLD clinical guidelines. Additionally, senior author Jonas F. Ludvigsson highlighted the absence of adverse outcomes concerning congenital anomalies or birth-related fatalities, offering some reassurance amidst the challenges posed by MASLD.

In conclusion, the study’s findings advocate for a reevaluation of how MASLD is managed in pregnant women. By identifying independent risks associated with the condition, healthcare providers can better prepare and support expectant mothers. Furthermore, ongoing research may uncover additional factors influencing these outcomes, paving the way for improved interventions and outcomes for both mothers and infants.