Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurological condition that primarily affects older adults. In some cases, symptoms may begin earlier. The onset of symptoms is typically gradual and varies from individual to individual. Early signs are often subtle but may eventually interfere with daily life.

Common Early Symptoms

Several cognitive and behavioral changes can occur in the early stages:

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• Frequent memory lapses, such as forgetting recently learned information or misplacing items.
• Challenges in planning or completing familiar tasks.
• Confusion about time or place.
• Difficulty understanding visual information or judging spatial relationships.
• Problems with language, including finding the right words or following conversations.
• Decreased or poor judgment.
• Withdrawal from work or social activities.
• Mood or personality changes, including confusion, suspicion, anxiety, or depression.

Unusual placement of everyday objects is also common. For example, items may be left in illogical locations and become difficult to find, contributing to frustration and confusion.

Changes in Social and Cognitive Function

As the condition progresses, individuals may increasingly avoid social interaction. This may stem from frustration, confusion, or difficulty keeping up with conversations. Emotional withdrawal, disinterest in previously enjoyed activities, and social isolation may occur.

Language skills may deteriorate. Word-finding difficulties and substituting common words with descriptive phrases are possible signs. For instance, referring to gloves as “things for the hands” instead of the correct term.

Judgment and Personal Care Challenges

Progressive decline can lead to impaired decision-making. This may include difficulties managing finances, safety risks, or diminished awareness of personal hygiene. Individuals may struggle with complex or abstract thinking and become more reliant on visual or written cues to complete daily tasks.

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Coping and Support Considerations

Awareness of changes in cognition and behavior can help manage the challenges associated with this condition. Strategies may include the use of reminders, written notes, and simplified routines to assist with orientation and memory. Emotional and psychological support can play an important role in maintaining quality of life.