A team of researchers from Tianjin University has introduced a groundbreaking technique for identifying and interpreting intracranial signals without invasive procedures. This method, which leverages advanced technology to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution, represents a significant advancement in the field of brain-computer interfaces. Published in Cyborg and Bionic Systems on April 9, 2025, the study addresses the limitations of traditional EEG methods, particularly their low spatial resolution. By utilizing transcranial focused ultrasound-modulated EEG (tFUS-EEG) technology, the researchers have developed an approach that promises more accurate decoding of brain activity. The paper details how this innovative method improves upon conventional techniques by incorporating realistic skull structures and three-dimensional simulations, offering enhanced precision in signal localization and interpretation.

Traditional EEG methods face challenges due to their reliance on scalp recordings, which suffer from poor spatial resolution caused by the volume conductor effect. To overcome these limitations, the Tianjin University team employed a novel strategy involving transcranial focused ultrasound and phased-array technology. According to Hao Zhang, one of the lead researchers, the project involved constructing a sophisticated numerical simulation model and experimental platform based on real brain anatomy. This setup allowed the team to explore the effects of skull structure and simulated brain tissues on acoustoelectric signals, achieving precise focusing through phased-array ultrasound. Furthermore, the research extended beyond two-dimensional models to encompass three-dimensional simulations, bringing the experiments closer to real-world conditions.

The study's innovations include the introduction of pulse repetition frequency (PRF) features in acoustoelectric signals and the development of a PRF sideband algorithm. These advancements enable high-resolution noninvasive transcranial source signal localization and decoding. Through rigorous testing, the researchers demonstrated that their simulation-guided phased-array acoustic field experimental platform could achieve accurate focusing in both pure water and transcranial scenarios within safe thresholds. Notably, the focal acoustic pressure was enhanced by over 200% compared to self-focusing transducers.

In terms of performance metrics, the proposed algorithm achieved a localization signal-to-noise ratio of 24.18 dB, surpassing traditional methods by 50.59%. Additionally, the source signal decoding accuracy exceeded 0.85, underscoring the reliability of the new approach. These findings provide a robust foundation for future developments in high-resolution noninvasive EEG signal acquisition and precise brain-computer manipulation.

This pioneering work not only advances the technical capabilities of EEG-based systems but also opens new avenues for applications in neuroscience and medical technology. By addressing previous limitations and introducing innovative methodologies, the study by Tianjin University researchers paves the way for enhanced understanding and utilization of brain signals in various contexts. Their achievements represent a crucial step toward realizing the full potential of noninvasive brain-computer interfaces, promising transformative impacts across multiple disciplines.