The global nursing workforce has experienced a significant increase from 27.9 million in 2018 to 29.8 million in 2023, according to the State of the World’s Nursing 2025 report by WHO and ICN. However, regional disparities persist, with approximately 78% of nurses concentrated in countries representing only 49% of the global population. The report highlights the need for equitable distribution and investment in nursing jobs globally. Low- and middle-income countries face challenges in graduating and retaining nurses, while high-income countries must address an aging workforce and reliance on foreign-trained professionals.
Data indicates a reduction in the nursing shortage from 6.2 million in 2020 to 5.8 million in 2023, projected to decline further to 4.1 million by 2030. Key findings include advancements in advanced practice nursing roles, improved nursing leadership, and concerns regarding mental health support for nurses. Policy priorities emphasize expanding nursing jobs equitably, enhancing education systems, improving working conditions, and promoting gender equity.
Addressing Regional Disparities in Nursing Distribution
Despite global progress in increasing the number of nurses, significant regional imbalances remain. Approximately three-quarters of the world's nurses are located in regions that house less than half of the global population. This uneven distribution exacerbates access challenges to essential health services in underserved areas. To bridge this gap, low- and middle-income countries require increased domestic investments to produce and retain qualified nursing professionals within their healthcare systems.
High-income nations, on the other hand, face the dual challenge of managing an aging workforce and reducing dependence on internationally trained nurses. They must enhance bilateral agreements with source countries and explore strategies to attract and retain domestic talent. Furthermore, fostering collaboration between nations can facilitate knowledge sharing and resource allocation, ensuring a more balanced global nursing landscape. These efforts will not only improve healthcare accessibility but also contribute to achieving universal health coverage and advancing global health security.
Promoting Equity and Sustainability in Nursing Leadership
Advancements in nursing leadership and professional development have been noted, yet significant disparities persist. Only two-thirds of countries report having senior government nursing officials responsible for workforce management. While many nations have implemented structured leadership development programs, these opportunities remain limited in low-income settings. Strengthening nursing regulation and expanding advanced practice nursing roles are crucial steps toward enhancing care quality and accessibility.
To promote long-term sustainability, policy measures should focus on improving working conditions, ensuring pay equity, and providing robust mental health support for nurses. Addressing these factors is vital for retaining skilled professionals and maintaining high standards of patient care. Additionally, leveraging digital technologies and preparing nurses for climate-responsive care will equip them to tackle emerging global health challenges effectively. By prioritizing these initiatives, countries can foster a resilient and inclusive nursing workforce capable of meeting future demands.