Recent findings indicate that millions of women might be unknowingly at risk for heart, kidney, and metabolic diseases. These conditions are interconnected and significantly increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of death among women. Experts from the American Heart Association emphasize the importance of understanding cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health, which encompasses blood pressure, cholesterol, weight, blood glucose, and kidney function. The new CKM health initiative aims to raise awareness about these interconnections and improve treatment strategies.
Women should be aware of five crucial aspects regarding their CKM health. This includes recognizing the greatest health risks, taking early action, understanding connected risk factors, considering the impact of pregnancy and menopause, and acknowledging the influence of social factors. Addressing these areas can lead to better quality of life and overall health improvement.
Recognizing and Managing Risk Factors
Identifying potential health risks is vital for maintaining optimal CKM health. Nearly half of women aged 20 and older live with some form of cardiovascular disease, making it essential to understand its symptoms and implications. Women may experience heart disease differently than men, often showing unique symptoms such as pain in the arms, jaw, or neck. Early detection and regular monitoring of health indicators like blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose levels play a critical role in managing CKM health effectively.
Risk factors often appear in clusters, significantly elevating the chances of developing cardiovascular disease. For instance, women with Type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease face an increased risk of cardiovascular issues much earlier in life compared to those without these conditions. Regular screening becomes imperative, especially since early stages of kidney disease and high blood pressure typically show no symptoms. Maintaining appropriate levels of CKM health factors—such as keeping blood pressure below 120/80 mm Hg, triglycerides under 135 mg/dL, and waist circumference within recommended limits—can help prevent complications. Efforts to improve one area of CKM health can positively affect others, promoting overall well-being.
Influences of Life Stages and Social Determinants
Pregnancy and menopause significantly impact women's CKM health. Pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, can serve as predictors for future chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular problems. Optimizing heart and metabolic health before pregnancy is crucial. Similarly, changes during menopause, such as declining estrogen levels and increased cholesterol, can influence long-term heart and metabolic health. Early onset of menopause further raises the risk for various diseases.
Social factors also uniquely affect women’s health. Financial constraints, social influences, and neighborhood conditions correlate with lower physical activity levels, unhealthy eating habits, and higher rates of obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. Certain factors disproportionately impact women, such as marriage being linked to poorer health outcomes and cost-related delays in seeking medical care. Historically, women have been underrepresented in clinical trials and less likely to receive evidence-based treatments. Advocacy for thorough screenings and open communication with healthcare professionals about CKM health factors can empower women to take control of their well-being.